Cultural brain · Norms, Conformity & Legitimacy

Reference-Group Effects

Judgments of what is normal, adequate or successful depend on the comparison group, and the group is often chosen for you — by an advertiser, a platform, a neighbourhood.

An everyday example

Feeling poor on a feed of curated wealth; feeling rich in a smaller town.

What it can cost you

Evaluating your life against a reference set someone else assembled.

Warning signs

  • My standards come from a feed.
  • I compare with people I will never meet.

One thing to do

Choose reference groups deliberately; audit feeds and environments for the comparisons they impose.

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